: thousand 
! Depart- 


_^lAc  Donalds 

SKELETON  MINING  REPORT 


By  BERNARD  MACDONALD,  BUTTE,  MONTANA. 


Dear  Sir. — As  a result  of  my  examination  of  the 

/ am  enabled  to  make  the  following  report 

which  I believe  to  be  correct  in  every  substantial  particular.  The  pages  bearing 
my  own  signature  are  filled  with  information  known  to  me;  the  pages  bearing 
other  signatures  are  filled  by  representations  made  to  me  by  these  parties. 

Respectfully  yours,  


REPORT 


GROUP  OF  Mines 


(Name  of  town  and  State.) 

BY 


(Name  and  address  of  writer.) 


Page  C 


PAGE 


Names  of  Claims  and  Area  of  Group, i 


Suggestions  and  Memoranda  for  page  3, 2 

Plan  Map  of  Group, 3 

Memoranda  re  Titles 

Titles 5 

Suggestions  re  Geographical  Location, 6 

Geography 7 

Suggestions  re  History  of  Group, 8 

History  of  Group, 9 

Suggestions  and  Memoranda  re  Accessibility 10 

Accessibility,  . . . ■ • • • n 


General  Characteristics  of  Veins 13-15 

Suggestions  and  Notes  re  Geological  Description,  ...  16 

Geology  of  Group, 17 

Suggestions  and  Notes  re  Description  of  Developments,  18 

Developments, 19 

Table  of  Board  Measurement, 20 

Mining  Facilities 21 

Mining  Facilities,  Water  Memoranda  and  Notes,  . . 22,23 

Mining  Facilities,  Water  Measurement  and  Notes,  . . 24 

Mining  Facilities,  Water  — Domestic  and  Mechanical 
Purposes,  25 


Page  D 


PAGE 

Mining  Facilities,  Suggestions  and  Notes  re  Supplies,  . 26 
Mining  Facilities,  Supplies — Mining  and  Domestic,  . . 27 

Mining  Facilities,  Labor — Suggestions  and  Notes  on,  . 28 

Wages, 29 

Ore  in  Sight  — Suggestions  and  Notes  on, 30 

Ore  in  Sight — Tonnage, 31 

Weights  of  Rocks,  Earth,  Sand,  Lumber 32 

Longitudinal  Section,  showing  Development,  ....  33 

Assay  Blanks,  with  Suggestions  for  Sampling,  . . 34-37 

Longitudinal  Sections 38-40 

Shipments  and  Proceeds, 41 

Reduction  Plant  — Notes, 42,43 

Estimate  of  Profit — Suggestive  Hints,  . . . .44,45 

Price  and  Terms  of  Sale  — Suggestive  Hints,  . . 46,47 

General  Description  of  Adjoining  Properties,  . . . 48-50 

Traveling  and  Other  Expenses, 51 

Enclosures  — Suggestive  Hints 52,53 

Calendar — Memoranda,  ...  54 

Directions  to  Reach  Property  and  Time  Necessary,  . . 55 

Recommendations  and  Suggestive  Hints 56-59 

Legal  Forms  and  Useful  Data, 60-70 


The 


Group  of  Mines, 


NAMES  OF  CLAIMS  AND  AREA  OF  GROUP. 

This  property  consists  of  the  following  named  lode  claims^  viz.: 


.aggregatmg  an  area  of  about. 


Appurtenant  to  the  group  are mill-sites. 

and. placer  claims. 


making  a total  area  of.. 


.acres. 

acres, 

acres, 

acres. 


SUGGESTIOlSrS-Page  3. 

A plan  of  the  claims  of  this  group  should  be  laid  down  on  the  blank  plat  on  page  3,  naming  the  scale 
or  square  of  such  size  as  will  allow  of  the  entire  group  to  be  represented  on  the  plat. 

■ Natural  objects,  as  rivers,  mountain  peaks,  creeks,  dams,  buildings,  mills,  towns,  should  also  be  carefully 
and  correctly  marked  on  the  plat. 

The  name  of  the  group  and  the  scale  given  to  each  square  should  be  set  down  in  the  blank  spaces  therefor. 

If  the  claims  are  patented,  their  lot  number  should  be  given,  and  if  only  surveyed,  so  marked.  The 
north  should  be  indicated  by  an  arrow. 

If  sufficiently  developed,  the  course  of  the  vein  or  veins  should  be  dotted  over  the  claims. 


MEMORANDA. 

The  boundaries  of  a lode  claim  properly  located  should  be  substantially  a parallelogram,  and,  therefore, 
its  length  multiplied  by  its  average  width  will  give  its  area. 

An  acre  contains  43>S6°  square  feet;  a section  or  square  mile  contains  640  square  acres;  one  acre 
is  inclosed  by  220x198  feet;  a rod  is  i6|  feet  in  length;  a mile  is  5,280  feet  in  length.  Adjoining  claims 
should  be  laid  down  on  the  plan,  page  3,  and  their  general  condition  described  on  page  48. 

Page  8 


MEMOBANDA. 


Good  title  to  the  claims  does  not  always  convey  good  title  to  the  veins  that  may  be  developed  within 
their  lines  drawn  perpendicularly  downwards.  Care  should  be  taken  to  ascertain,  if  developments  will  permit, 
whether  the  vein  developed  in  the  claim  outcrops  within  its  side  lines  and  passes  through  its  end  lines,  as  these 
are  necessary  requirements  to  insure  extra  lateral  rights  on  downward  extension  of  lode  veins. 

A millsite  can  not  he  located  on  mineral  land,  and  is  not  patentable  if  any  mineral-bearing  veins  are 
known  to  exist  within  its  boundaries.  The  same  is  true  of  placer  claims. 

But,  if  these  claims  are  located  and  patented  according  to  law  in  good  faith,  and  mineral  veins  be 
afterwards  found  within  their  lines,  the  owner’s  title  to  all  this  mineral  is  good. 

It  is  important  to  study  the  laws  of  the  States  and  districts  relative  to  the  location  of  mineral  lands,  as 
these  sometimes  materially  affect  the  title. 

Where  the  property  is  of  sufficient  importance  to  warrant  the  expense,  an  official  abstract  of  title  to  the 
properties  should  be  procured  and  made  part  of  the  report. 


Page  4 


TITLES. 


Of  the  lode  claims  of  this  group  the  title  to. 


to-wit:  The 


is  vested  in  the  owners  by  while  title  to  the  remaining  claims 

is  held  by  location,  possession,  and  compliance  with  the  laws  of  

with dispute. 

There  is lien  or  incumbrance  against  the  property 


This  page  is  filled  oi 


iformatlon  from. 


id  the  owner  gt 


rantees  the  titles  as  abc 


t forth. 
Page  6 


SUGGESTIONS -Page  7. 


It  is  very  important  to  fill  out  this  page  correctly,  that  the  exact  location  of  the  property  may  be  found 
on  any  good  map  of  the  Province  in  which  it  is  situated.  Copies  of  maps  of  the  district  should 
if  possible,  be  procured  to  accompany  the  report.  If  a map  cf  the  surveyed  claims  of  the  district  can  be 
procured,  the  group  reported  on  should  be  shaded,  so  as  to  easily  arrest  the  eye.  The  name  of  the  range 
of  mountains,  foothills,  or  spurs  of  ranges  on  which  the  mines  are  situated  should  be  given  on  the  bottom 
line  of  page  7. 


Pace  6 


GEOGRAPHY. 


This  group  of  claims  is  situated  in 

Mining  District. organized, 

County, and 

distant  in  a direction 

miles  from the  nearest  railroad  station.  The 

county  seat  ( ) is  distant miles  in  a 

direction,  and  is  reached  by 

over 


Page  t 


SUGGESTIOJfS  FOB  FILLING  PAGE  9. 


The  names  of  the  first  discoveries  of  the  district,  the  first  claims  located,  the  principal  events  and  mining 
operations  that  have  occurred  in  the  district  till  the  present  writing,  will  be  interesting  and  valuable,  and 
should  be  given  under  this  heading. 

Such  information  can  generally  be  had,  with  sufficient  accuracy  for  the  purpose  of  this  report,  from 
the  pioneers,  or  “oldest  inhabitants,”  of  the  district. 

When  desirable,  all  recorded  transactions  can  be  obtained  from  the  county  records. 

The  first  mining  failures  in  a district  generally  give  it  a “black  eye,”  but  should  not  condemn  it,  and 
if  frankly  admitted  and  explained  would  probably  lead  to  an  early  investigation,  and  probably  a solution 
of  the  causes. 

Mining  propositions  that  have  hitherto  baffled  successful  solution  may  become  profitable  ventures  under 
the  supervision  of  up-to-date  mining  engineers  and  metallurgists,  and  a business  management. 


Page  8 


HISTORICAL. 


The 

in  i8 by. 


Mining  District  was  first  discovered 


Page  9 


SUGGESTION'S  FOK  PAGE  11. 


It  frequently  happens  in  the  early  stages  of  mining  camps  that  they  are  reached  over  trail,  or  partly 
by  trail  and  wagon  road,  from  the  nearest  railroad  station.  In  such  cases  the  lengths  of  each  should  be 
given,  together  with  estimate  of  the  cost  of  building  new  wagon  roads,  trails,  or  the  improvement  of 
existing  ones. 

The  altitude  of  camps  may  be  obtained  from  visiting  civil  or  mining  engineers,  who  generally  carry 
aneroids  among  their  outfits.  The  depth  of  snow  fall,  and  length  of  suspended  traffic  on  this  account, 
should  be  noted. 

MEMORANDA. 

“Where  ground  consists  of  earth  and  loose  rock  a side'hill  wagon  road  with  9-foot  roadbed,  7 feet  of 
which  is  solid  and  2 feet  made  ground,  and  having  to  cut  from  4 to  6 feet  on  upper  side,  can  be  built 
in  the  rocky  mountain  regions  for  from  $1.50  to  $2,00  per  rod,  using  sidehill  plows,  scrapers,  and  picks 
and  shovels.  In  slide  rock,  if  the  roadbed  is  not  to  be  covered  with  earth  or  gravel,  it  can  be  built  for 
$1.00  per  rod,  but  such  road  is  not  fit  for  wagon  traffic  until  covered  with  earth  or  gravel,  the  cost  of 
which  will  depend  on  local  circumstances. 


:page  10 


ACCESSIBILITY. 


From 

Station  on  the 

Railroad,  this  property  is  reached  over 

miles  of. 

wagon  road  and. 

miles  in  length — a total  length  of. miles  from  the  railroad.  The  elevation  of 

the  mine....is feet  higher  than  the  railroad  station,  and. .feet  above  sea  level. 


Page  11 


SUGGESTIONS -Page  13. 


The  more  extensively  developed  vein  of  the  gfroup  should  be  described  on  this  page  by  filling  out  the 
blank  spaces  with  the  information  called  for.  If  others  than  one  vein  of  the  group  are  developed,  and 
show  marked  difference  in  characteristics,  pages  similar  to  13  should  be  interpolated  immediately 
following  it. 

Pages  14  and  15  are  left  blank  to  be  filled  with  such  peculiar  characteristics  as  may  appear  worthy  of 
notice  — V\rhether  the  vein  is  wet  or  dry,  carries  waste  rock  or  horses,  cuts  off,  faults,  flattens,  straightens, 
and  the  effect  such  features  have  on  the  grade  of  the  ore. 


Page  18 


GENERAL,  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  VEIN...., 

The vein. ...ha the  following  characteristics: 

Strike 


Dip degrees  to  the 

Width,  varying  from 

Outcrop - 

Hanging  wall. 

Foot  wall. 

Vein  filling  consists  of. 

Oxidized  ore  extends  down  about. 


traceable  for  a distance  of... 


..feet; 

..feet; 


..feet. 


Page  13 


GENERAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  VEIN..  . - Continued. 


Page  14 


GENERAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  VEIN....  — Continued. 


SUGGESTIONS -Page  17. 


The  names  of  the  rocks  inclosing  the  vein  on  foot  and  hanging  wall  sides  are  to  be  given  here,  and 
the  class  and  character  of  the  dikes,  if  any,  occurring  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  veins  should  also  be 
filled  in.  The  character  of  the  country  rock  suxTOunding  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  mines  should  also 
be  given,  and  the  names  of  the  creeks  draining  the  hills  or  mountains  on  which  the  mines  occur,  and  the 
river  into  which  they  empty. 

NOTE. 

Mine  owners  should  make  a thorough  study  of  the  formation  inclosing  the  veins,  and  the  dike 
system  (if  there  be  one)  occurring  in  their  neighborhood.  For  the  time  necessary  to  spend  for  this  work, 
nothing  pays  better.  A thorough  understanding  of  the  geology  of  the  country  inclosing  the  veins 
frequently  gives  its  possessor  the  key  to  the  location  of  the  bonanza  ore  bodies  of  the  group. 


Page  16 


GEOLOGY 


1 


The  country  rock  on  the  hanging  watt  of  the vein. ...is... 

/ 

on  the  foot  watt  side 

/ dikes  of 

...occur 

The  country  surrounding  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  mines  is  composed  of  .. 


and  is  drained  by 

Page  17 

SUGGESTIONS -Page  19. 


The  number  and  dimensions  of  the  shafts,  drifts,  raises,  winzes,  and  open  cuts  by  which  the  veins  of 
each  claim  are  developed  should  be  given  under  this  heading,  and  as  many  duplicate  pages  as  may  be 
necessary  to  fully  enumerate  all  the  developments  on  the  group  should  be  interpolated  after  this  page. 

NOTE. 

It  is  very  important  that  all  development  work  should  be  accurately  measured  and  located  with 
reference  to  the  boundaries  of  the  claim  and  position  of  the  vein,  and  this  should  appear  on  the  maps 
forwarded  with  report.  It  should  be  definitely  ascertained  how  many  feet  of  the  total  developments  has 
been  made  on,  along,  or  in  the  veins,  and  the  amounts  stated  in  the  report. 

If  any  of  the  developments  called  for  on  page  19  do  not  exist  that  portion  not  existing  may  be 
scratched  out. 


Page  18 


DEVELOPMENTS. 


On  the. 


of  developments,  consisting 


of 


Making  a total  of 


..Claim  there  are  a total  of.. 


.lineal  feet 


feet  of  shaft;  size... 

'''■  tunnels;  “ 

winze;  “ 

raises;  “ 

open  cut;  “ 

drift;  “ 

cross  cut;  

...feet.  Value  about  $ 

Page  19 


TABLE  * 


Showing  the  number  of  feet  (board  measure)  contained  in  a piece  of  joist,  scantling,  or  timber,  of  the  sizes  given  below. 
LENGTH  IN  FEET  SHOWN  IN  TOP  LINE  OF  TABLE. 


(MacDonald’S  Skeleton  Mining  Report.) 


Page  30 


omitted. 


MINING  FACILITIES. 


Fuel — For  this  there  is  a supply  of. 

timber.  Cordwood  costs  $ .per  cord,  delivered  at  the  mine.  Coal  costs  $ 

per  ton  delivered  at Charcoal  costs  $ .per  bushel  at  the  mine. 

Mining  timber  and  Lumber — Timber  for  stull  and  tunnel  sets  ranging  from 

to inches  in  diameter  can  be  delivered  at  the  mine  at  a cost  of  from c. 

to c.  per  running  foot.  Lagging  poles  cost. c.  per  i^feet  lengths.  Lumber 

at  a cost  of  $ .per  thousand  at. 


Page  31 


MEMORANDA. 


The  character,  quality,  and  quantity  of  water  available  for  steam  and  domestic  purposes,  together  with 
the  distance  from  the  mine,  should  be  given. 

If  there  be  any  water  available  for  power  purposes  within  five  miles  of  the  mine,  its  flow  in  cubic 
feet,  and  fall  obtainable  at  a good  mill  site,  length  of  ditch  necessary,  and  cost  of  constructing  same  per 
rod  should  be  given. 

NOTES. 

As  an  accurate  test  of  water  flowing  in  any  large  mountain  stream  involves  considerable  time  and 
expense,  the  following  rules  for  calculating  the  amount  of  water  flowing  in  an  open  stream  will  be 
sufficiently  accurate  for  the  purposes  of  this  report. 

The  height  of  head  can  be  approximately  found  by  the  use  of  the  aneroid . 


Page  38 


WATER  (HsO). 


Freezes  32°  Fahr.;  boils  212°  Fahr.;  max.  density  39.1°  Fahr.  is  the  standard  for  specific  gravity;  i 
cubic  centimeter=i  gram;  i U.  S.  gallon=23i  cubic  inches,  or  8.3311  lbs.,  or  8.34  lbs.  for  ordinary  practice; 
I cubic  foot=62.4i  lbs.  @ freezing;  62.355  @ 60°,  which  is  standard  temperature;  i cubic  foot=  7.485  U.  S. 
gallons;  i column  i inch  square=i  lb.  if  2.35'  high;  i column  i inch  square  i foot  high  = .433  lbs. 

Amount  of  water  required  for  a gold  stamp  mill  will  vary  from  5 tons  to  15  tons  (according  to  the 
character  of  the  ore,  kind  of  mortars  and  concentration  used)  per  ton  of  ore  crushed.  This  does  not 
include  that  required  for  boiler,  which  is  about  gallons  per  horse  power  per  hour. 

A miners’  inch = about  cubic  feet = about  11.22  gallons. 


MEASUREMENT  IN  AN  OPEN  STREAM  BY  VELOCITY  AND  CROSS  SECTION. 


Measure  the  depth  of  the  water  at  from  six  to  twelve  points  across  the  stream  at  equal  distances 
between.  Add  all  the  depths  in  feet  together  and  divide  by  the  number  of  m*easurements  made.  This 
will  be  the  average  depth  of  the  stream,  which,  multiplied  by  its  width,  will  give  its  area  or  cross  section. 

Multiply  this  by  the  velocity  of  the  stream  in  feet  per  minute  and  you  will  have  the  cubic  feet  per 

minute  of  the  stream. 

The  velocity  of  the  stream  can  be  found  by  laying  off  loo  feet  on  the  bank  and  throwing  a float  into 
it  at  the  middle,  noting  the  time  passing  over  the  loo  feet.  Do  this  a number  of  times  and  take  the 
average.  Then  dividing  this  distance  by  the  time  gives  the  velocity  in  feet  per  minute  at  the  surface. 
As  the  top  of  the  stream  flows  faster  than  the  bottom  or  sides  — the  difference  being  about  eight  feet  per 
cent. — it  is  better  to  measure  a distance  of  120  feet  for  float  and  reckon  it  as  100. 

The  flow  of  water  in  any  stream  should  be  measured  in  low  water  season. 

A water  ditch  3 feet  deep  and  4 feet  wide  can  be  dug  by  laborers  with  pick  and  shovel  at  a cost  of 
about  $1.50  per  rod  in  earth  and  loose  rock,  wages  $2.50  per  day.  With  plows  or  ditching  machines  the 
cost  would  be  less. 


Page  34 


MIXING  FACILITIES  - Continued  - WATER. 


FOR  DOMESTIC  PURPOSES,  there  is 

water  within feet  of  the  mine 

FOR  STEAM  PURPOSES,  there  is 

water  within feet  of  the  mine 

FOR  POWER  PURPOSES,  there  is  a flow  of. cubic  feet,  for  which  a fall 

of -feet  can  be  had  at  a suitable  site  for  a plant  by  talcing  it  through  a 

ditch feet  in  length.  Such  a ditch  could  be  b^tilt  for  $ .per  rod. 


Page  36 


SUGGEST  IONS -Page  27. 


The  nearest  large  distributing 
camp,  are  to  be  filled  in  this  page, 
neighborhood  of  the  mine,  and  the 

The  information  called  for  on 
company,  and  should  therefore  be 


supply  town,  and  the  railroad  and  wagon  freight  from  it  to  the  mining 
Also,  whether  farm  produce  is  raised  in  abundance  or  otherwise  in  the 
cost  of  the  various  articles  of  food  for  man  and  animals  mentioned. 

NOTE. 

page  27  is  sometimes  an  important  factor  in  the  operation  of  a mining 
given  with  some  care,  and  with  as  much  accuracy  as  possible. 


Page  36 


MINING  FACILITIES  - Continued. 


Supplies — Hardware,  etc.,  can  be  had 

freight  of. c.  fer  found  added. 

Farm  produce 


flour  costs  from.... 

Potatoes  cost  from  - - 

....c.  to 

..  .c.  to 

...c.  per  lb. 
...c.  per  lb. 

Beef  costs  from  - - - .... 

....c.  to 

...c.  per  lb. 

Ranch  butter  costs  from.... 

....c.  to 

...c.  per  lb. 

General  groceries  cost  a trifle 

over 

-prices,  with 


Creamery  butter  costs c.  per  lb. 

Canned  fruit  costs  $ .per  case. 

Oats  cost  - - . . pQy  jQQ  it)s. 

Hay  costs  - - - . per  ton. 

.prices. 


Pag©  87 


SUGGESTIONS -Page  29. 


The  daily  wages  for  the  different  classes  of  labor  and  the  contract  prices  of  the  different  classes  of 
mining  work,  mentioned  on  this  page,  are  to  be  given. 

NOTE. 

The  cost  of  labor  is  one  of  the  largest  factors  entering  into  the  calculations  of  profit  or  loss  of  a 
mining  enterprise,  and  should  be  set  down  fully  and  correctly. 

In  surface  developments  the  rock  is  generally  softer  than  when  greater  depths  are  obtained,  and  ade- 
quate allowance  should  be  made  therefor  in  estimating  cost  of  deeper  developments. 


Page  28 


MINING  FACILITIES  - Continued  - LABOR. 


Miners’  daily  wages,  - - - - $ Carpenters’  daily  wages,  - - 

Carmen’s  daily  wages,  ■ - - Blacksmiths’  daily  wages,  - - 

Teamsters  monthly  wages,  - Common  top  labor,  daily  wages,  . 

Four-horse  teams  with  teamster,  daily  wages,  - - $ 
CONTRACT  WORK: 

Cross-cut  tunnels,  p2x6\feet  in  the  clear,  can  be  run  by  contract  for  - $ p 

Drifts  on  veins,  f2^<^b\feet  in  the  clear,  can  be  run  by  contract  for  - 
Raises  on  vein,  f2x6\  feet  in  the  clear,  can  be  run  by  contract  for  - 
Incline  shaft  on  vein,  5x7  feet  in  the  clear,  can  be  sunk  for  - - - - 


Page  29 


SUGGESTIONS  — Page  31. 

In  calculating  the  tonnage  and  value  of  ore  “in  sight”  in  a mine,  the  most  conservative  practice 
demands  that  three  sides  of  the  ore  body  be  exposed  by  the  developments,  but  this  in  all  cases  is 
not  necessary. 

If  the  vein  is  regular,  an  ore  chute  cut  by  several  levels  may  be  considered  sufl&ciently  developed  to 
admit  of  close  calculation  as  to  its  tonnage  and  value  of  the  ore  above  lowest  level.  Two  sides  of  an 
ore  body  may  be  considered  sufficient  for  this  calculation,  allowing  a one-third  discount  when  the 

developments  of  a mine  are  limited  and  the  ore  chutes  are  not  known  to  be  regular.  It  should  be 

stated  plainly  by  what  developments  and  their  dimensions  the  ore  is  placed  in  sight. 

NOTES. 

The  average  length,  breadth,  and  thickness  of  an  ore  body  in  feet,  multiplied  by  each  other,  will  give 

its  cubic  contents  in  feet.  These  divided  by  lo  to  12  if  the  ore  be  sulphide,  and  from  13  to  18  if  the 

ore  be  oxidized,  with  7^  to  io<^  off  for  moisture,  will  give  the  tonnage  approximately. 

22  to  24  cubic  feet  of  oxidized  ore  in  dumps  make  one  ton  ; about  15  to  18  of  sulphide.  See  page 
32  for  weights  of  various  rocks  in  place  and  broken. 


Page  30 


ORE  TONNAGE  IN  SIGHT  AND  VALUE  THEREOF. 


In  the Claim 

there  are  about. ...tons  of  ore  in  sight,  having  an  average  value  of  about 


$ .per  ton.  The  ore  is  exposed  by  the. 


{See  page  33.) 


WEIGHTS  OF  ROCK. 


NAMES  OF  ROCK.  AVERAGE  WEIGHT  OF  CUBIC  FOOT. 

Granite  and  porphyry  . . 170  pounds  in  place  ...  97  pounds  broken. 


Gneiss  .... 

168 

...  96 

Greenstone  and  trap  . 

187 

. . .107 

Limestone  . . . . 

168 

...  96 

Slate  .... 

175 

- - - 95 

Quartz  .... 

165 

- - . 94 

Sandstone  .... 

151 

...  86 

WEIGHT  OF  PIUE,  LUMBER. 

Pine,  1,000  feet  board  measure,  perfectly  dry,  weighs  1,860  pounds.  Green  timbers  usually  weigh  from 
one-fifth  to  nearly  one-half  more  than  dry;  and  ordinary  building  timbers,  when  tolerably  seasoned,  about 
one-sixth  more  than  perfectly  dry. 

WEIGHT  OF  EARTH. 

18  cubic  feet  of  earth  in  bank=i  ton;  27  cubic  feet  of  earth  dry  and  loose=i  ton;  17  cubic  feet  of 
clay=:i  ton  ; 25  cubic  feet  of  sand=i  ton. 


Page  33 


p 

. 1 

tONGITUDINAIi  SECTION 

Showing  Developments  on  Vein 

One  square  = feet. 

1 

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rr 

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SUGGESTIONS -Page  35. 


The  description  of  samples  assayed  should  clearly  express  the  character  of  the  ore,  the  width  of  the 
streak  or  vein,  and  the  locality  from  which  it  was  taken.  The  name  of  the  party  by  whom  the  samples 
were  taken,  and  that  of  the  assay er,  are  to  be  given. 

NOTE. 

While,  in  order  to  learn  the  characteristics  and  the  grade  of  the  various  classes  of  ore  in  a mine,  it 
is  necessary  to  take  a number  of  specimen  or  characteristic  samples,  yet  such  samples  do  not  furnish  the 
proper  data  on  which  to  estimate  the  average  value  of  the  ore. 

Cold  average  samples  of  the  various  streaks  in  the  vein,  if  it  is  wide  and  carries  different  grades  of 
ore,  should  be  taken,  and  these  should  be  checked  by  average  samples  of  the  entire  vein. 

Samples  of  the  country  rock  adjoining  the  vein  should  be  taken.  Frequently  considerable  portions 
of  the  country  rock  are  profitably  mineralized. 


ASSAYS. 


Samples  taken  by 

assayed  by as  follows: 


Nos. 

DESCRIPTION. 

GOLD. 

Value  Per  Ton 

SILVER. 
Oz.  PER  Ton. 

/ 

3 

4 

5 

6 
7 

$ 

Page  35 


ASSAYS  — Continued. 


Nos. 

DESCRIPTION. 

GOLD. 

Value  Per  Ton. 

SILVER. 
Oz.  Per  Ton. 

a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

f 

g 

h 

i 

J 

h 

$ 

Page  36 


ASSAYS  — Continued. 


Nos. 

DESCRIPTION. 

GOLD. 

Value  Per  Ton. 

SILVER. 
Oz.  Per  Ton. 

8 

$ 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

Gold  calculated  at  $20.00  per  oz. 


Silver  calculated  at per  oz.  General  average,  $ per  ton. 


Page  37 


SUGGESTIONS  re  LONGITUDINAL  SECTION  AND  SHIPBIENTS. 


A longitudinal  section  of  the  vein,  showing  the  developments  thereon  and  the  area  of  the  stoped-out 
portions,  should  be  drawn  accurately  on  page  39.  These  blank  section  pages  may  be  used  for  a plan 
map  of  the  mine  and  mill  buildings,  or  any  other  feature  that  may  be  necessary  to  illustrate  the  descrip- 
tion of  any  section  of  the  report. 

The  tonnage  shipped  or  treated,  plus  the  low-grade  ore,  if  any,  remaining  on  the  dump,  will  be  the 
total  yield  of  so  much  of  the  vein  as  is  stoped  out.  This  will  furnish  a key,  or  a check  at  least,  on  the 
amount  of  ore  in  the  vein. 

SHIPMENTS. 

Page  41  should  be  filled  from  smelter  statements,  and  the  cost  of  mining  and  transporting 
conservatively  estimated. 


Page  38 


LONGITUDINAL,  SECTION 

Showing  Stoped  Portions  of  Vein 

One  square  = feet. 

- 

)» 

31 


LONGIXUDINAt  SECTION 

Showing- 


feet. 


SHIPMENTS  AND  PROCEEDS. 


-tons  of  first-class  ore  shipped  t 
which  netted  $ 


There  have  been. 


Also tons  of  second-class  ore  to  the 

which  netted  $ per  ton.  Average  net  returns.  $. 


Estimated  cost  of  mining  this  ore,  - $ per  ton 

Cost  of  wagon  transportation,  - - per  ton. 

Cost  of  railroad  transportation,  - - per  ton. 

Total  expense, p 


Profit  per  ton,  $. 


NOTE. 

When  the  ores  below  water  level  are  sufficiently  developed  they  should  be  sampled  by  a series  of 
practical  milling  tests  in  various  reduction  works  to  ascertain  the  methods  best  adapted  for  their 
reduction.  When  the  proper  method  and  capacity  of  plant  has  been  decided  upon,  proposals  for  the 
erection  of  such  a plant  should  be  asked  of  the  various  manufacturers.  Their  offers,  the  character  and 
capacity  of  the  plant  should  be  inserted  in  page  43.  If  the  mine  is  not  sufficiently  developed  for  such 
an  estimate,  the  writer  can  make  forecast  of  the  probable  best  method  of  reduction. 


Page  42. 


REDUCTION  PLANT. 


The  ores  of  this  property  are  suitable  for  reduction  by  the 

process 

A reduction  plant  of  this  character,  of. tons  daily  capacity,  will  cost,  erected 

and  ready  to  run,  $ Estimate  by 


Page  43 


SUGGESTIVE  HINTS— Page  46. 


With  the  understanding  that  the  reduction  plant  described  on  page  43  is  erected  and  in  operation,  the 
blank  estimates  on  this  page  are  to  be  filled  out. 

NOTE. 

Liberal  estimates  should  be  made  of  all  items  of  expense,  as  these  for  the  first  year  or  two  generally 
run  higher  than  in  plants  longer  established. 

A completed  plant  generally  costs  about  one-third  more  than  even  conservative  estimates.  The  reasons 
for  this  are  various  and  may  be  set  down  as  “unforseen  causes,”  developing  as  the  work  of  erection 
progresses. 


Page  44 


ESTIMATE  OF  PROFIT  WITH  PLANT  RECOMMENDED  ON  PAGE  43. 

tons  per  day  of  assay  value  of  $ .per  ton,  - - $. 

Loss  in  treatment, per  cent, $ 

Cost  of  mining. tons,  at  $ per  ton,  - 

Cost  of  transportation, tons,  at  $ per  ton, 

Cost  of  reduction, tons,  at  $ per  ton, 

All  other  items  of  expense,  say,  $ per  ton,  - - 

Total  cost, p p 

Net  profit  per  day, 


Net  profit  per  month,  of  28  days,  $. 


Page  45 


SUGGESTIONS -Page  47. 


The  spaces  left  blank  on  this  page  will  suggest  the  manner  of  filling  it  out.  But  inasmuch  as  it  would' 
be  impossible  to  frame  a blank  that  would  be  suitable  to  all  conditions  under  which  the  owners  might  be 
willing  to  part  with  their  property,  it  is  suggested  that  conditions  acceptable  to  them  be  written  on  a 
separate  sheet  of  suitable  size,  and  interpolated  here  by  mucilaging  it  on  to  this  page. 

NOTE. 

Parties  owning  or  controlling  unproductive  mining  property  should  be  prepared  to  bond  it  on  reason- 
able terms  or  give  interests  in  it  to  parties  who  will  undertake  its  systematic  development.  This  nearly 
always  insures  its  ultimate  purchase. 

SUGGESTIONS  — Pages  48-49-50. 

A general  description  of  the  character  of  adjoining  properties  stating  amount  of  developments,  grade, 
and  extent  of  ore  bodies,  in  short,  a brief,  general  report  on  them  is  of  material  advantage  to  the  presen- 
tation of  the  economic  features  of  the  property  under  consideration.  Pages  48-49-50  are  blank  for  this 
purpose. 


Page  46 


PRICE  AND  TERMS  OF  SALE. 


The  parties... 

payable  in 

installments  of  $ each.  First, 

or,  they  will  lease  and  bond  it  for years under  the 

following  conditions : 


Page  47 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  ADJOINING  PROPERTIES. 


Page  48 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  ADJOINING  PROPERTIES  - Continued. 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  ADJOINING  PROPERTIES  — Continued. 


Page  60 


TRAVELING  AND  OTHER  EXPENSES  NECESSARY  IN  MAKING  EXAMINATION. 


i8g 


Page  51 


SUGGESTIVE  HINTS.~For  Enclosing  Data. 


Under  this  heading  should  be  given  a list  and  description  of  the  maps,  assay  certificates,  reports,  and 
letters,  with  names  of  writers;  newspaper  clippings  and  photographs  of  the  mine  in  question,  which  are 
sent  with  report. 

These  go  to  make  up  the  evidence  necessary  for  a full  investigation  of  the  merits  of  the  proposition. 


Page  B2 


ENCLOSURES. 


Herewith  please  find  enclosed  : 

Maps 

Assays 

Report. ...by 

Letter. ...by 

Newspaper  clippings  from 

Photographs 


Page  63. 


CALENDAR  FOR  1897. 


Page  64. 


MEMORANDA; 


DIRECTIONS  AND  TIME  NECESSARY  TO  REACH  THE  PROPERTY. 


DATE. 

TIME. 

DIREOTION. 

M. 

Leave ....via, 

M. 

Arrive — 

M. 

Leave via 

M. 

Arrive ..  . 

M. 

From  this,  the  nearest  railroad  station,  the  distance  to  the  mines 

( miles)  is  made  by. 


Total  time  required  for  this  trip. 


Page  5{ 


SUGGESTIVE  HINTS -Pages  57,  58,  59. 


The  writer  of  the  report  is  expected  to  fill  out  these  pages  with  his  own  words  and  ideas,  making 
such  recommendations  as  his  examination  will  suggest  to  be  the  proper  mode  of  procedure  in  dealing 
with  the  property. 

The  owners  should  be  willing  to  give  a working  bond  with  deed  in  escrow  to  parties  who  would 
undertake  a certain  stipulated  amount  of  work  upon  it,  this  work  being  such  as  would  be  calculated 
to  prove  the  ore  body  in  depth,  or  extend  developments  in  some  direction  most  likely  to  demonstrate 
the  merits  of  the  property. 

It  is  unreasonable  for  owners  of  undeveloped  mines  to  ask  for  cash  payment  for  granting  a working 
bond,  if  the  party  bonding  agree  to  prosecute  a reasonable  amount  of  development. 


Page  66 


RECOMMENDATIONS. 


RECOMMENDATIONS  — Continued. 


Page  58 


RECOMMENDATIONS  — Continued. 


Respectfully  submitted, 


MINING  DEED. 


This  indenture,  made  the day  of , in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty , between 

, of  the  county  of , and of , party  of  the  first,  and , of  the  county  of . and 

of , party  of  the  second  part; 

Witnesseth,  That  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  sum  of dollars,  lauUul  money  of  the 

Dominion  of  Canada  to  him  in  hand  paid  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged, 
hath  granted,  bargained,  sold,  remised,  released,  and  forever  quit-claimed,  and  by  these  presents  does  grant,  bargain,  sell,  remise, 

release,  and  forever  quit-claim,  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  the lode,  as  located,  surveyed, 

recorded,  and  held  by  said  party  of  the  first  part,  situated  in mining  district, county, , together  with  all  the 

dips,  spurs,  and  angles,  and  also  all  the  metals,  ores,  gold  and  silver  bearing  quartz,  rock  and  earth  therein,  and  all  the  rights, 
privileges,  and  franchises  thereto  incident,  appendant,  and  appurtenant,  or  therewith  usually  had  and  enjoyed;  and  also,  all  and 
singular  the  tenements,  hereditaments,  and  appurtenances  thereunto  belonging,  or  in  any  wise  appertaining,  and  the  rents,  issues, 
and  profits  thereof;  and  also,  all  the  estate,  right,  title,  interest,  property,  possession,  claim  and  demand  whatsoever,  as  well  in 
law  as  in  equity,  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  of,  in  or  to  the  said  premises,  and  every  part  and  parcel  thereof,  with  the 
appurtenances. 

To  have  and  to  hold,  all  and  singular,  the  said  premises,  together  with  the  appurtenances  and  privileges  thereto  incident,  unto 
the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever.  In  witness  whereof,  the  said  party  of  the  f rst  part  has  hereunto  set 
his  hand  and  seal  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 

[seal.]  

Page  60 


MINING  LEASE.' 


situated  in 
appurtenances 


'Jay  of , in  the  year  of  oar  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty between 

— les»r  and lessee  or  tenant  That  the  said  lessor,  for  and  in  consideration  of  the  rents,  royalties  cove- 

let  a^“b  ‘Sreentents  hereinafter  re«rved,  and  by  the  said  lessee  to  be  paid,  kept,  and  performed granted,  demised,  and 

let,  and  by  these  presents  to  grant,  demise,  and  let  unto  the  said  lessee,  all  the  following  described  mine  and  mining  pmperty 

s,„„tod  ,„ ™n„g  drstrict  county  of of , to  wit:  (Here  description  of  property.,  Together  with  th^ 

, to  have  and  to  hold  unto  the  said  lessee  or  tenant  for  the  term  of from  the  date  hereof,  expirinc-  at 

oon  on  the  day  of  , A.  D.  188-.  unless  sooner  forfeited  or  determined  through  the  violation  of  any  covenant  herein- 
after against  the  said  tenant reserved. 

And  in  consideration  of  the  said  demise  the  said  lessee  does  covenant  and  agree  with  said  lessor  as  follows  to  wif 

as  t necessary  to  good  and  economical  mining  so 

as  a°  I w and  preservation  of  the  said  premises 

as  a worKaoie  mine. 

(Here  insert  special  covenants  for  dead  work,  etc.) 

* From  Morrison’s  Mining  Rights  in  Colorado. 

than  one  year^^t  shouW  be\^n°4ritSg^and^re^^  particularly  stated  in  the  instrument.  If  for  more 


Page  61 


ESCROW  AGREEMENT. 


The  inclosed  deed  of  the lode  is  hereby  placed  in  the Bank  of , in  escrow.  If  A.  B.  shall  place,  or  cause  ta 

be  placed,  to  the  credit  of  C.  D.  and  E.  F.,  in  said Bank  of , on  or  before , i88 — , the  full  sum  of dollars, 

then  and  in  that  case  the  said  bank  is  hereby  authorized  to  deliver  the  inclosed  deed  to  A.  B.  or  his  order.  In  case  the  said  A.  B. 

shall  not  place,  or  cause  to  be  placed,  to  the  credit  of  said  C.  D.  and  E.  F.,  in  said  bank,  the  full  sum  of dollars,  on  or  before 

, i88 — , then  the  said  bank  is  hereby  authorized  to  deliver  the  inclosed  deed  to  the  said  C.  D.  and  E.  F.,  or  their  joint  order. 

(Signed)  C.  D. 


i88— , (Place  and  date). 


A.  B. 


Note. — When  the  option  for  the  purchase  of  a mine  is  desired  by  a third  party,  it  is  the  safest  and  best  plan  for  the  mine 
owner  to  put  a deed  in  escrow.  It  saves  encumbering  of  the  record,  and  any  questions  that  might  arise  concerning  the  payment  of 
money.  The  deed  should  be  a warranty,  quit-claim,  or  mining  deed,  as  agreed,  fully  executed  and  acknowledged,  ready  for 
delivery,  put  in  a sealed  envelope,  and  placed  in  some  bank,  or  left  with  some  responsible  person,  with  an  agreement  written  upon, 
the  envelope  as  above. 


Page  68 


DATA  FOR  FLUMES  AND  DITCHES. 


To  give  a general  idea  as  to  the  capacity  of  flumes  and  ditches  for  carrying  water,  the  following  data 
is  submitted: 

The  greatest  safe  velocity  for  a wooden  flume  is  about  7 or  8 feet  per  second.  For  an  earth  ditch  this 
should  not  exceed  about  2 feet  per  second.  In  California  it  is  the  general  practice  to  lay  a flume  on  a grade 
of  about  % inch  to  the  rod,  or  often  2 inches  to  the  100  feet,  depending  on  the  existing  conditions. 

Assuming  a rectangular  flume  3 feet  wide,  running  18  inches  deep,  its  velocity  and  capacity  would  be  as 
shown  below: 

GRADE.  VEL.  IN  FT.  PER  SEC.  QUANTITY  CU.  FT.  MIN. 

yi  inch  to  rod.  2.6  702 

yi  “ “ “ 3-7  999 

“ “ “ 5-3  1,431 

As  the  velocity  of  a flume  or  ditch  is  dependent  largely  on  its  size  and  character  of  formation,  no  more 
specific  data  than  the  above  can  be  given. 

It  is  not  safe  to  run  either  ditch  or  flume  more  than  about  three-fourths  or  seven-eighths  full. 


Page  63 


ELECTRIC  AND  PNEUMATIC  TRANSMISSION. 

In  a paper  read  before  the  Association  of  Engineers,  of  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  some  interesting  figures 
are  given  in  regard  to  the  cost  of  the  equipment  and  operation  of  a plant  of  2 1 7 horse  powei , installed  by  the 
Esslinger-Cannstatt  Works.  The  transmission  in  this  case  covered  a distance  of  5)4  kilometers  equal  to  3.4 
miles  — both  by  compressed  air  and  by  electricity.  The  cost  of  the  compressed  air  equipment,  including  dam 
for  the  waterfall  wheels,  compressor,  air  motors,  etc.,  is  given  as  $37, 5°°;  the  efficiency,  46  per  cent. 

The  cost  of  the  electric  equipment,  including  dam,  water  power,  etc.,  as  in  the  previous  case,  $27,500, 
efficiency,  69  per  cent,  including  a loss  of  15  per  cent  in  the  wiring.  The  cost  of  operation  was  practically  the 
same  in  both  cases,  though  only  100  horse  power  was  actually  available  with  the  compressed  air,  while  150 
horse  power  was  delivered  by  the  electric  system,  thus  making  the  cost  per  horse  power  delivered  in  the 
former  case  $37.50,  and  in  the  latter,  $18.85. 

The  charges  for  depreciation  were  somewhat  less  for  electricity  than  for  compressed  air,  which  still 
further  favored  the  economy  of  the  former. 

Note.— The  percentage  of  efficiency  shown  in  either  of  the  above  examples  is  much  below  what  is  guar- 
anteed by  American  manufacturers  under  similar  conditions,  though  the  relative  advantages  of  the  systems 
may  be  the  same. 


COMMON  MEASURES  AND  WEIGHTS,  WITH  THEIR  METRIC  EQUIVALENTS. 


The  following  are  some  of  the  measures  in  common  use,  with  their  equivalents  in  measures  of  the  metric  system; 


Common 

Measures. 

Equivalents. 

Common 

Measures. 

Equivalents. 

Common 

Measures. 

EqUIV.?  LENTS. 

An  inch 

A foot  ....... 

A yard 
A rod 

A mile 

A square  inch  . . . 
A square  foot  . . . 
A square  yard  . . . 
A square  rod  .... 

2.54  centimeters. 
.3048  meter. 

5.029  meters. 

1.6093  kilometers. 
6.452  sq.  centimeters 
.0929  sq.  meter. 
.8361  sq.  meter. 
25.29  sq.  meters. 

An  acre 

A square  mile  . . 

A cubic  inch.  . . 

A cubic  foot . . . 

A cubic  yard  . . 

A cord 

A liquid  quart.  . 

A gallon  .... 

A dry  quart ... 

.4047  hectare. 

259  hectares. 

16.39  cu.  centimeters 
.02832  cu.  meter. 
.7646  cu.  meter. 
3.624  steres. 

.9465  liter. 

3.786  liters, 
i.ioi  liters. 

A peck  ...... 

A bushel  

An  ounce  avoird.  . 
A pound  avoird. . . 
A ton ....... 

A grain  Troy  . . . 
An  ounce  Troy  . . 
A pound  Troy.  . . 

8.81 1 liters. 

35.24  liters. 

28.35  grams. 

.4536  kilogram. 
.9072  tonneau. 
.0648  gram. 
31.104  grams. 
.3732  kilogram. 

The  money  system  of  France  is  connected  with  that  of  metric  weights  by  an  authorized  coin  of  silver  (the  standard  being  g 
parts  silver  and  i of  alloy)  representing  the  unit,  called  the  Franc,  and  weighing  5 grams.  The  other  coins  are  multiples  and  sub- 
multiples of  the  franc.  The  ratio  of  value  of  gold  and  silver  is  fixed  by  law  at  15  >4  to  i.  The  20-franc  gold  piece,  therefore,  weighs 
5 grams,  divided  by  15^^=6.4516  grams  of  standard  gold. 


Page  66 


SPECIFICATIONS  OF  STANDAKO  BOIEEKS. 


i’age  66 


POWER  REQUIRED  FOR  A lO-STAMP 
DRY-CRUSHING  SIEVER  MIUU. 


1 “ Blake  ” rock-breaker,  No.  2 . . . = 6 horse  power 

2 Ore-feeders  = o horse  power 

lo  Stamps,  750  lbs.,  go  drops  . . . . = 12  horse  power 

1 “ Howell  White”  furnace,  40  inches  . = 4 horse  power 

4 Amalgamating  pans,  5 feet  diameter,  = 8 horse  power 

2 Settlers,  8 feet  diameter  = 6 horse  power 

Friction  = 9 horse  power 

Total =45  horse  power 


POWER  REQUIRED  FOR  A 10-STAMP 
WET-CRUSHING  SIEVER  MIUE. 

1 “ Blake  ” rock-breaker.  No.  2 . . . = 6 horse  power 

2 Ore-feeders  ......_..  = o horse  power 

10  Stamps,  750  lbs.,  go  drops  . . . . =12  horse  power 

6 Grinding  pans,  5 feet  diameter  _ . = 30  horse  power 

3 Settlers,  8 feet  diameter  = 9 horse  power 

Friction  ...........  = 7 horse  power 

Total  64  horse  power 

The  above  power  is  capable  of  working  18  to  20  tons  of  ore 
per  day  of  twenty-four  hours. 


The  tendency  in  more  modern  stamp  mills  is  to  increase  weight  of  stamp  and  number  of  drops  increasing  the  capacity  of 
the  mills  and  the  H.  P.  required  proportion. 


Page  67 


POWtell  POB  A 20-STAMP 

WET-CRPSHING  SIEVER  MIRE. 


I “ Blake”  rock-breaker,  No.  2 . . . = 6 horse  powet 

4 Ore-feeders  =o  horse  power 

20  Stamps,  750  lbs.,  go  drops  . . . . = 23  horse  power 

12  Grinding  pans,  5 feet  diameter  . . . = 60  horse  power 

6 Settlers,  8 feet  diameter  . . . . . =18  horse  power' 

Friction ..=13  horse  power 

Total  . . . - . . . =120  horse  power 


The  above  power  is  capable  of  working  40  tons  of  ore  per  day 
of  twenty-four  hours. 


POWER  REQEIBEB  EOB  A 20-StAmP 
WET-CRUSHING  GOEB  MIEE. 


i “ Blake  ” rock-breaker.  No.  2 . . . = 6 horse  powef 

4 Ore-feeders  .........  = o horse  power 

20  Stamps,  750  lbs.,  90  drops  . . . . = 23  horse  power 

8 Frue  Vanner  concentrators  . , , . = 4 horse  power 

I Grinding  pan,  8 feet  diameter  . . . = 3 horse  power 

I Settler  =3  horse  power 

Friction  = 7 horse  power 

Total  .......=  46  horse  power 


The  above  power  is  capable  of  working  35  to  40  tons  of  ore 
per  day  of  twenty-four  hours. 


Page  68 


POWER  REQUIRED  FOR  DIFFERENT  PARTS 

Each  850-pound  stamp,  dropping’  95  times  per 
minute,  requires  1.33  horse  power. 

Each  750-pound  stamp,  dropping  95  times  per 
minute,  requires  1.18  horsepower. 

Each  650-pound  stamp,  dropping  95  times  per 
minute,  requires  i horse  power. 

Each  10  X 16-inch  Blake  rock  breaker  requires  15 
horse  power. 

Each  8 X 12-inch  Blake  rock  breaker  requires  8 
horse  power. 

Each  Triumph  concentrator,  220  revolutions  per 
minute,  requires  % horse  power. 

Each  48-inch  clean-up  pan,  making  30  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  requires  1.5  horse  power. 

Each  amalgam  barrel,  making  30  revolutions 
per  minute,  requires  2.5  horse  power. 

The  above  estimates  include  the  friction  of  the  p 
machinery,  for  which  an  additional  allowance  should  1 


OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  MILLS. 

Each  batea,  at  usual  speed,  requires  1 horse  power. 

Each  5 -foot  combination  pan,  making  65  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  requires  5 to  10  horse  power. 

Each  4-foot  combination  pan,  making  65  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  requires  3 to  6 horse  power. 

Each  8-foot  settler,  making  14  revolutions  per 
minute,  requires  2.5  horse  power. 

Each  8-foot  agitator,  making  16  revolutions  per 
minute,  requires  3 horse  power. 

Each  revolving  dryer  requires  3 horse  power. 

Each  Howell-White  roasting  furnace  requires 
4 to  6 horse  power. 

Each  Bruckner  furnace,  8x18  feet,  requires  5 
to  8 horse  power. 

Each  set  high-speed  crushing  rolls  requires  to 
to  50  horse  power. 

arts  named,  but  not  that  of  the  power  transmitting 
)e  made. 


Page  69 


HORSE  POWER  FOR  HOISTING. 

The  table  gives  the  horse  power  required  for  hoisting  various  loads 
has  been  made  for  friction. 


Weight  of  Ore, 
Car, 

Cage,  and  Rope 

25 

50 

SPEED  — FEET  PER  MINUTE. 

100  150  200  250  300  350  400 

450 

500 

1000 

% 

iX 

3X 

sX 

7X 

9 

II  . 

13 

.14X 

iGX‘ 

18 

1200, 

I . 

2X 

4X 

6X 

8X 

II 

13 

15 

17X 

19X 

22 

1500 

2X 

sX 

8X 

II 

14 

16X 

17 

.22 

24X 

27X- 

1800 

3X 

6X 

9X 

13 

16X 

19X 

22  X 

26 

29X 

32X 

2000 

iK 

3X 

7X 

II 

14X 

18 

22 

26 

29 

32X 

36. 

2200 

2 

4 

8 

12 

16 

20 

24 

28 

32 

36 

40 

2500 

2X 

4X 

9 

13X 

18 

22X 

27 

3IX 

36 

40X 

45 

2800 

2X 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

3000 

2^ 

sX 

iiX 

17X 

23 

28X 

34X 

40X 

46 

51X 

57X 

3200 

3 

6 

12 

18 

24 

30 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

3500, 

3X 

6X 

I2X 

18X 

25 

31X 

37X 

43X 

50 

56X 

62  X 

3800 

3X 

7 

14 

21 

28 

35 

42 

49 

56 

63 

70 

4000 

3X 

7X 

I4X 

21X 

29 

36X 

43X 

50X 

58 

65X 

72  X 

at  the  speeds  shown.  An  allowance  of  20  per  cent 

INCLINED  PLANE. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  combined  weights 
of  ore,  car,  and  rope  by  the  depth  and 
divide  by  the  length  of  the  incline.  The 
result  will  be  an  equivalent  weight  raised 
vertically.  For  horse  power  see  the  table 
. for  hoisting; 

Example. — What  horse  power  is  neces- 
sary to  hoist  4,000  pounds,  at  the  rate  of 
300  feet  per  minute,  up  an  incline  2,000 
long  and  250  feet  deep. 


4000  X 250 


= 500  lbs. 


In  the  hoisting  table  it  will  be  found 
: that  to  hoist  1,000  pounds  300  feet  per 
minute  requires  ii  horse  power,  there- 
fore 500  pounds  will  require  borse 
’ power. 


Page  70 


